UK Laws, Regulations, and Useful Tips on Towing
Towing a trailer in the UK requires careful adherence to laws and regulations to ensure safety and compliance. Following these guidelines is crucial to avoid accidents, penalties, or vehicle damage. Understanding the risks and taking proactive steps can make your towing experience smooth and trouble-free. Below is a comprehensive guide covering the key aspects of towing.
Does My Current Licence Permit Me to Tow?
Your ability to tow depends on when you obtained your driving licence:
Before 1 January 1997: You can usually drive a vehicle and trailer with a combined weight (Maximum Authorised Mass or MAM) of up to 8,250kg. Check your licence for Category BE.
On or After 1 January 1997: You can tow trailers up to 3,500kg MAM if your licence includes Category BE. If not, you may need to take an additional test.
Post-19 January 2013 Licences: Category B licence holders can tow trailers up to 750kg MAM or trailers over 750kg MAM if the combined MAM of the trailer and vehicle does not exceed 3,500kg.
Always check your licence entitlements on the DVLA website for accuracy. For example, ensuring you have the correct licence category can help prevent legal issues if stopped by authorities.
What Is My Towing Capacity?
Your vehicle’s towing capacity is determined by the manufacturer and can be found in your vehicle handbook or on the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate. If you can’t locate these details, consult your vehicle manufacturer or a trusted mechanic for guidance. It’s crucial to ensure that:
The Gross Train Weight (GTW) does not exceed the limit.
The trailer’s actual weight does not surpass your vehicle’s maximum towing capacity.
A safe margin is maintained below the vehicle’s limits for better performance and safety.
Fitting a Towbar
A towbar must comply with UK and EU regulations:
Ensure it is type-approved (displaying a certification label).
Professional fitting is recommended to guarantee safety.
The towbar must match the towing capacity of your vehicle and be compatible with the type of trailer you’re using.
Maximum Width and Length of Trailer
Width: The maximum width for trailers is 2.55 metres.
Length: The maximum length for trailers is 7 metres, excluding the drawbar.
Overhang Allowance for Trailers
Overhang refers to the distance the trailer’s load extends beyond its rear or sides:
Loads must not overhang more than 305mm on either side.
Rear overhangs longer than 2 metres require additional markers or lights. Overhangs exceeding 3 metres must be reported to authorities.
Is a Tachograph Necessary?
Tachographs are mandatory if:
The vehicle and trailer are used for commercial purposes.
The combined MAM exceeds 3,500kg.
Exceptions apply for non-commercial, personal use or specific industries (e.g., agriculture).
Speed Limits While Towing
When towing a trailer, you must adhere to reduced speed limits:
Motorways and Dual Carriageways: Maximum speed of 60mph.
Single Carriageways: Maximum speed of 50mph.
Built-Up Areas: Follow the standard urban limit of 30mph, unless otherwise indicated.
Always drive at a speed that is safe for the conditions, and reduce speed further in adverse weather or when navigating sharp turns. For instance, driving slower on wet roads can help maintain stability and control while towing.
Correctly Coupling Your Trailer to Your Vehicle
Ensure a secure and safe coupling by:
Aligning the tow hitch with the tow ball.
Securing the coupling head to the tow ball with a locking mechanism.
Attaching the breakaway cable correctly.
Checking that the lights and indicators are functioning properly.
How to Correctly Load Your Trailer
Distribute weight evenly and keep heavy items low and central.
Avoid overloading or exceeding your trailer’s maximum weight.
Secure the load to prevent shifting during transit.
Useful Advice About Towing Your Trailer
Conduct regular checks on the tyres, brakes, and lights before each journey.
Use extension mirrors to improve visibility when towing larger trailers.
Practice reversing with your trailer to ensure confident handling. An empty parking lot or a quiet open space is ideal for safely practicing manoeuvres without the pressure of traffic.
Reduce speed and increase stopping distances, especially in adverse weather.
Legislation on Type Approval for Trailers
Type approval ensures that trailers meet safety and environmental standards:
Trailers manufactured after October 2012 must comply with EU type-approval regulations.
Check for a type-approval plate on the trailer, indicating compliance.
Legislation on Trailer Lighting
Trailers must have:
Red rear lights and reflectors.
Amber side markers for trailers longer than 6 meters (overall length).
Brake lights, fog lights, and a number plate light.
Indicators that flash in sync with the towing vehicle.
Reverse light if built after 2014.
Legislation on Trailer Brakes
Braking requirements depend on trailer weight:
Trailers over 750kg MAM must have operational brakes.
Braked trailers must be fitted with a breakaway cable or secondary coupling to engage the brakes if detached from the towing vehicle.
Regular maintenance of brake systems is essential to ensure functionality.
By adhering to these laws and tips, you can tow safely and legally while avoiding fines or penalties. Always consult official guidelines for the most accurate and up-to-date information.